Makam Tauhid (The Tauhid tomb)

Bersambung daripada artikel Lawatan terbaru ke makam Tun Habib (Latest visit to the tomb of Tun Habib) .
Continued from the article Lawatan terbaru ke makam Tun Habib (Latest visit to the tomb of Tun Habib) .

Seberang jalan sekitar 1 km daripada makam Tun Habib terdapat pula Makam Tauhid...
Across the road some 1 km from the tomb of Tun Habib lies in the turn the Tauhid tomb...

Oleh kerana saya sampai di sini sekitar jam 8 malam, saya terpaksa menggunakan lampu kereta untuk menembusi kegelapan...

Since I arrived here sometime around 8 at night, I have to us the carlights to penetrate the dark...

Papan maklumat menyatakan tempat ini sebagai kota juga makam. Kota Tauhid (pada papan dieja Touhid) menjadi pusat pemerintahan Empayar Johor-Riau 2 kali, iaitu pada zaman pemerintahan Sultan Abdul Jalil III (1633-1677) seterusnya Sultan Abdul Jalil IV (1699-1718), anakanda Bendahara Tun Habib yang menaiki takhta setelah kemangkatan Sultan Mahmud Mangkat Dijulang.

The information boards states that this place as a fort also a tomb area. Kota (fort of) Tauhid (on the board it is spelt Touhid) became the centre of rule for the Johor-Riau Empire twice, that is during the rule of Sultan Abdul Jalil III (1633-1677) followed by Sultan Abdul Jalil IV (1699-1718), the son of Bendahara Tun Habib who ascended the throne after the demise of Sultan Mahmud Mangkat Dijulang (a famous Sultan who was killed while being carried on a pedestal).

Ini pula tinggalan yang ada...

This is the remains of what is left...

Terdapat beberapa buah makam lama...
There exist a number of old tombs...

Batu nesan yang digunakan adalah dari jenis Batu Aceh juga menandakan pemiliknya berdarah raja ataupun bangsawan.

The tombstones used are also of the type known as Batu Aceh signifying its owners as coming from the bloodlines of royalty or nobility.

Lawatan terbaru ke makam Tun Habib (Latest visit to the tomb of Tun Habib)

Dalam lawatan terbaru ke Kota Tinggi bulan November 2009 saya juga melawat makam Bendahara Tun Habib Padang Saujana , juga dikenali sebagai Tun Habab Abdul Majid.

In my latest visit to Kota Tinggi in the month of November 2009 I also visited the tomb of Bendahara (the most senior palace official) Tun Habib Padang Saujana, also known as Tun Habab Abdul Majid.

Seperti lawatan pertama kali ke sini Disember 2007, saya juga sampai waktu senja...
Just like the first visit here in December 2007, I also arrived at dusk...

Bezanya kali ini saya memakai kamera yang lebih canggih...
The difference is this time I used a more advanced camera...

Walaupun keadaan ketika itu sebenarnya sudah mula gelap, dengan kamera ini saya dapat menangkap gambar yang agak terang. Untuk makluman di atas adalah makam Tun Habib. Yang lain adalah makam kaum keluarganya...

Although the condition at the time was actually turning dark, with this camera I was able to take rather clear pictures. For information the one on top is the tomb of Tun Habib. The rest are tombs of his family members...

Makam beliau dari sudut lain. Untuk maklumat lebih terperinci lihat artikel Makam (tomb of ) Bendahara Tun Habab yang dibuat 2 tahun lalu. Di situ maklumatnya panjang lebar tetapi gambarnya kelam-kelam. Kiranya artikel ini mengisi apa yang kurang pada artikel lama dan begitulah sebaliknya! :]

His tomb seen from a different angle. For more detailed information look at the article Makam (tomb of ) Bendahara Tun Habab which was made 2 years ago. There the information is extensive but the pictures look dark. In a sense this article fills up what was lacking in the old one and so is the case vice versa! :]

Masjid (Mosque of) Kampung Johor Lama...

Sampailah masanya untuk memecah kesunyian, setelah membuat artikel ke 313 di blogspot ini, Kota Johor Lama (Johor old fort) 8 hari lalu...
Now come the time to break the silence, after making the 313th article at this blogspot, Kota Johor Lama (Johor old fort) 8 days ago...

Lebih kurang 2 km ke utara Kota Johor Lama terletak pula Kampung Johor Lama dan masjidnya...

About 2 km north of the fort of Johor Lama there lies in turn Kampung (village of) Johor Lama and its mosque...

Masjidnya ringkas tetapi terasa begitu bermakna...
The mosque is simple but feels so meaningful...

Sampai sahaja di sini, saya terfikir apakah masjid ini dibina di atas tapak masjid lama ketika Johor Lama pernah menjadi pusat pemerintahan Empayar Johor-Riau 500 tahun lalu?

The minute I arrived here, came to mind a thought was this mosque built upon the site of the old mosque when Johor Lama used to be the centre of rule for the Johor-Riau Empire 500 years ago?

Ini tidak mustahil apabila mengenangkan Kampung Johor Lama memang terletak di atas kawasan Johor Lama yang dahulu. Cuma perubahan zaman sahaja menyaksikan kawasan yang dahulunya menjadi pusat sebuah empayar kini tinggal menjadi kampung kecil sahaja.

This is not impossible when one remembers that Kampung Johor Lama is indeed located on top of the area of Johor Lama of old. It's just change of times which have seen an area which was once the centre of an empire being left to become just a small village now.

Sekarang mari kita lihat sekelilingnya...

Now let us have a look around...

Lihat kedudukannya di tepian Sungai Johor yang sangat luas. Dapatkah anda bayangkan kehadiran banyak kapal dagang ketika Johor Lama masih lagi pusat empayar?

Look at its position at the side of the Johor river which is very wide. Can you imagine the presence of many trading ships when Johor Lama was still the empire's centre?

Dewan solat...

The praying hall...

Mimbar.

The pulpit.

Kota Johor Lama (Johor old fort)

Assalamualaikum semua. Sukacita dimaklumkan anak kecil saya Muhammad Al-Aminul Rasyid sudah berumur 3 bulan pada hari ini 13 Januari. Oleh kerana artikel baru ini akan menjadi artikel ke 313 di blogspot ini biar saya mempersembahkannya sekarang walaupun asalnya ia patut dibuat 4 hari lagi. Mari...

Peace be upon you all. It is a pleasure to inform that my young child Muhammad Al-Aminul Rasyid is now 3 months old on this day 13th of January. Since this new article would be the 313th in this blogspot let me present it now although originally it was planned to be made 4 more days from now. Come...

Lebih kurang 22 km di tenggara bandar Kota Tinggi terletak Kota Johor Lama...

Some 22 km south-east of the town of Kota Tinggi lies Kota Johor Lama (the old fort of Johor)...

Ia adalah satu peninggalan sejarah yang penting sehingga dibina satu pusat maklumat...
It is an important historical site such that an information centre was built around...



Terdapat sebuah muzium untuk menceritakan keadaan.
There is a museum to tell the actual condition.




Sedangkan Kota Johor Lama itu sendiri tinggal longgokan-longgokan tanah.
While the Johor old fort itself is left with heaps of soil.

Tersebut di sini bahawa Kota Johor Lama adalah sebuah kota pertahanan yang dibina pada tahun 1540 Masihi oleh Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II, pemerintah empayar Johor-Riau 1528-1564. Ketika itu empayar yang mewarisi jajahan takluk Melaka ini sedang hangat berperang dengan Portugis, kuasa penjajah Barat yang berjaya menawan Kota Melaka tahun 1511.

It is said here that the Johor old fort was a defence fort built in the year 1540 AD by Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah II, ruler of the Johor-Riau empire 1528-1564. At the time the empire which inherited the colonies of Melaka was hotly in war with the Portuguese, the Western colonial force who succeeded in capturing the city of Melaka in the year 1511.

Lihat longgokan-longgokan tanah yang membentuk benteng pertahanan...

Look at the heaps of soil which form the defence fortification...

Pandangan dari hujung sana...

A look from the other end...

Terdapat celah-celah untuk meletakkan meriam...

There are openings for placing cannons...

Ini pula adalah tangga menuruni bukit menghala ke Sungai Johor. Untuk pengetahuan Kota Johor Lama terletak di puncak bukit tepian sungai...

This in turn is a staircase leading downhill towards the river of Johor. For information the old fort of Johor is situated at the top of hill besides the river...

Ini adalah benteng kota dilihat daripada lereng bukit tepian sungai. Dapat dibayangkan bahawa suatu masa dahulu lereng bukit ini sudah diterangkan tanpa pohon, untuk memudahkan pemantauan terhadap apa-apa pergerakan di perairan Sungai Johor. Kota Johor Lama terletak sekitar 14 km dari kuala Sungai Johor. Namun sungainya begitu lebar... di sini sahaja jaraknya sekitar 2.5 km untuk sampai ke seberang sana!

This is the fortification seen from the hillside near the river. One could imagine that once upon a time the hillside was cleared from trees, to make it easy to monitor whatever movement made in the waters of the Johor river. The fort of Johor lama is situated some 14 km from the estuary of the Johor river. Still the river is very wide... around these parts alone it is a distance of 2.5 km to reach the other side!

Masjid (Mosque of) Sultan, Kampung Gelam

Seterusnya kita ke Masjid Sultan di Kampung Gelam, asalnya sebuah perkampungan Melayu tradisional yang turut mengandungi istana Sultan.

Next we go to the Sultan mosque at Kampung Gelam, originally a Malay traditional village which included the palace of the Sultan.

Sejarah menyebut bangunan asal masjid ini yang berbumbung piramid dua lapis dibina pada 1824, tahun empayar Johor-Riau dipecah dua melalui Perjanjian Inggeris-Belanda. Sultan Hussain Shah yang diangkat menjadi raja bahagian empayar naungan Inggeris membina masjid bersebelahan istana baginda di Kampung Gelam. Maka ia adalah masjid tertua yang masih wujud di Singapura...

History mentioned that the original mosque building which has a two-tier pyramid-shaped roof was built in 1824, the year the Johor-Riau empire was broken into two through the Anglo-Dutch Treaty. Sultan Hussain Shah who was raised to be the ruler of that part of the empire's under English patronage built the mosque next to his palace in Kampung Gelam. Thus it is the oldest mosque still in existence in Singapura.

Sejarah turut menyebut masjid ini dibina semula ke bentuk kini tahun 1924. Saya pernah diberitahu bahawa Masjid Sultan adalah yang pertama disekitar Tanah Melayu memakai kubah berbentuk separuh bulat atas tajam, juga dikenali sebagai kubah potong bawang. Bentuk ini sebenarnya berasal daripada Timur Tengah dan India Utara, dibawa ke Nusantara oleh penjajah Barat. Kenyataan ini mungkin betul jika kubahnya telah dibina lebih awal. Kalau setakat tahun 1924, rasanya ada masjid-masjid di Malaysia yang sudah memiliki kubah terlebih dahulu.

History also mentioned this mosque was rebuilt to get its current shape in the year 1924. I was once told that Masjid Sultan is the first in the Malay lands and around to use the dome shaped like a half-sphere with a pointed top, also known as "kubah potong bawang" (the union-cut dome). This shape actually originated from the Middle East and Northern India, brought to Nusantara or the Malay archipelago by the Western colonialists. The statement might be true if the dome was built earlier. If it was just in the year 1924, then I believe there are mosques in Malaysia which already have such domes first.

Sekarang mari lihat ke dalam.
Now let's have a look inside.

Bahagian belakang dewan solat utama...

The rear section of the main prayer hall...

Bahagian hadapan...

The front section...

Kelihatan ada bentuk senibina gereja...

There appears to be church architecture...

Namun ini tidak menyalahi prinsip agama Islam. Untuk pengetahuan kubah dan menara masjid juga asalnya diambil daripada senibina Kristian Byzantium di Eropah, sebelum diaplikasikan pada bangunan masjid di Mekah dan Madinah lalu diikuti di bahagian lain empayar Islam. Sekian.

Still this does not go against the principles of Islam. For information domes and towers of the mosque was original taken from the architecture of Christian Byzantium in Europe, before it was applied to mosques in Mecca and Madinah and thus was followed at other parts of the Islamic empire. That's all.

Makam (Tomb of) Radin Mas Ayu

Di bahagian lebih tinggi lereng Bukit Teluk Belanga (sekarang dikenali sebagai Mount Faber) terdapat makam Radin Mas Ayu, seorang puteri dari Jawa.

At a higher section of the sides of the hill of Teluk Belanga (now known as Mount Faber) there exist the tomb of Radin Mas Ayu, a princess from Jawa (Java).

Masuk sahaja ke kawasan makam boleh kelihatan makam penjaganya Radin Dandiar di tepi kiri...

The minute upon entering the tomb area one could see the tomb of her caretaker Radin Dandiar at the left side...

Makam utama terletak lebih tinggi.

The main tomb is situated higher.

Inilah Makam Radin Mas, seorang puteri Jawa yang menjadi satu legenda di Singapura.
This is it the tomb of Radin Mas, a princess of Jawa who became a legend in Singapura.

Makam diraja (Royal tomb complex) of Johor, Teluk Belanga, Singapura

Di sebelah Masjid Temenggung, Teluk Belanga pula terdapat kawasan pemakaman diraja Johor.
Besides the mosque of Temenggung, Teluk Belanga in turn lies a royal tomb complex of Johor.

Berbanding makam diraja lagi satu di Johor (lihat Makam diraja (Royal tomb complex of) Johor, Jalan Mahmoodiah, Johor Bahru ), kawasan pemakaman ini lebih tua.

Compared to the other royal tomb complex in Johor (look at Makam diraja (Royal tomb complex of) Johor, Jalan Mahmoodiah, Johor Bahru ), this tomb complex is much older.

Ini disebabkan di Teluk Belanga lah keluarga diraja Johor moden lebih dahulu bertapak.

This is because it was in Teluk Belanga that the royal family of modern Johor were based at.

Asalnya mereka cuma keluarga Temenggung tetapi dapat merajai Johor apabila empayar Johor-Riau dipecah-belahkan Inggeris dan Belanda.

Originally they were just the family of Temenggung (a high palace of official) but got to rule Johor after the empire of Johor-Riau was broken apart by the English and Dutch.

Kawasan sekeliling di luar dipenuhi makam-makam lama.

The area around outside is filled with old tombs.

Paling terserlah adalah sepasang makam ini di lereng bukit...

The most outstanding is these pair of tombs at the hillside...

Satu daripadanya tertulis gelaran "Sultan Johor". Saya tak tahu Sultan yang mana satu kerana setahu saya semua Sultan Johor daripada keluarga Temenggung dimakamkan di Johor Bahru. Kemudian ada orang menegur saya, yang tertulis itu "Sultanah Johor" bukan "Sultan Johor". Nampaknya saya terlepas pandang huruf Jawi Ha pada tulisan itu...

One of it has the inscription bearing the title "Sultan of Johor". I don't know which Sultan is this since as far I know all Sultans of Johor from the Temenggung family were buried in Johor Bahru. Later someone corrected me sayang what is written is "Sultanah Johor" (the queen) not "Sultan Johor". Looks like I have missed the Jawi letter Ha in the inscription...

Di sebelahnya pula rasanya makam permaisurinya. Itulah yang saya sangkakan mulanya. Tetapi kalau yang tadi adalah makam Sultanah takkan le ini permaisurinya pula. Jadi saya pun tak pasti makam siapa. Nak baca tulisannya pun tak berapa reti. Sekian.

Next to it I think is the tomb of his queen. At least that was what I thought at first. But if the recent tomb is that of the Sultanah how can this in turn be the queen. So I am not sure whose tomb is this. I'm not so good at reading the inscription. That's all.